Chemistry+I

Welcome to the JAHS Chemistry I Wiki. The course outline below has links to pages containing class notes, useful links, study guides, reviews, etc. Go to this version if you want to see Pennsylvania State Eligible Content (Standards) codes. Or download the PA Department of Education state assessments for Physical Science:

Unit 1: Introduction and Laboratory Safety
 * 1) Course introduction: fields and uses for chemistry
 * 2) Classroom tour of lab safety devices
 * 3) Review of [|Rules], [|Safety Contract]
 * 4) General Equipment usage and care: see this online quiz.

Unit 2: Descriptive Chemistry
 * 1) Ancient uses of chemistry
 * 2) Observations: qualitative vs. quantitative; direct vs. indirect
 * 3) Classification of matter[[image:ancients.jpeg width="196" height="123" align="right" link="classification of matter"]]
 * 4) physical versus chemical properties
 * 5) Discovery of metals and alloys: properties of metals and nonmetals
 * 6) Greek philosophers to the end of Alchemy
 * 7) The Scientific Method
 * 8) Modern Research: Peer Review

Unit 3: Measurement and Uncertainty
 * 1) base units and prefixes
 * 2) metric system conversions
 * 3) English-metric conversions
 * 4) accuracy versus precision
 * 5) proper measurement
 * 6) significant figures
 * 7) calculations using significant figures

Unit 4: Discovery of Atomic Structure
 * 1) [|Dalton's] Atomic Theory ([|Democritus] was first!)
 * 2) Discovering electricity, radiation, and isotopes
 * 3) J. J. Thomson and electrons: his [|CRT], [|plum pudding model]
 * 4) Rutherford and his [|gold foil experiment]
 * 5) Bohr and his planetary model, emission theory
 * 6) The nucleus: atomic symbols
 * 7) Modern atomic structure

Unit 5: Radioactivity
 * 1) A brief history
 * 2) radiation
 * 3) alpha particle decay
 * 4) half-life
 * 5) [|radon detection]
 * 6) fission and fusion
 * 7) nuclear power, weapons, and safety: [|Chernobyl] and [|Three Mile Island] (also at [|wikipedia])
 * 8) uses for radioactive elements

Unit 6: The Electronic Structure of the Elements
 * 1) the wave-particle theory and quantization
 * energy levels, types of sublevels, orbital shapes, and electron spin
 * how to write an electron address
 * drawing orbital notations
 * proof in the PES
 * 1) predictions using electronic structure:
 * Organization of the periodic table
 * valence theory and the Octet Rule
 * ionic charge
 * chemical activity

Unit 7: The Ionic Bond
 * 1) ionic compound nomenclature
 * 2) crystalline structures
 * 3) hydrates
 * 4) solubility of ionic compounds
 * 5) ionic compounds in chemical reactions (double replacement)
 * how to write and balance a chemical equation
 * 1) predicting products of double replacement reactions:
 * precipitate reactions
 * acid-base reactions
 * 1) precipitate and titration reactions

Unit 8: Periodic Trends
 * 1) chemical activity
 * a look at single-replacement reactions
 * 1) atomic radius
 * 2) electronegativity trends
 * 3) ionization energy (oxidation) and electron affinity (reduction)
 * ionic radius trend

Unit 9: Covalent Bonding
 * 1) covalent compound nomenclature
 * 2) Lewis diagrams and a view into combustion reactions
 * 3) VSEPR and 3D models of compounds - a look at
 * 4) Polarity of bonds
 * 5) intermolecular forces - relating structure to physical properties
 * 6) solubility of covalent compounds

Unit 10: Gases
 * 1) Phlogiston Theory
 * 2) the Kinetic Molecular Theory
 * 3) pressure and temperature units, conversions
 * 4) Boyle's, Charles' and Avogadro's Laws
 * 5) the Ideal Gas Law
 * 6) Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

Unit 11: Chemical Reactions
 * 1) combustion reactions
 * 2) synthesis reactions
 * 3) decomposition reactions

Unit 12: Chemical Formulas
 * 1) formula weights
 * 2) percent composition (decomposition reactions)
 * 3) empirical formulas

Unit 13: The Mole unit
 * 1) Avogadro's Number
 * 2) mass to mole to number of conversions
 * 3) solution concentrations

Unit 14: Stoichiometry
 * 1) mole ratios in chemical formulas and equations[[image:stoich.jpeg width="250" height="163" align="right"]]
 * 2) using mass conversions with the mole ratio
 * 3) using stoichiometry to determine:
 * theoretical yields (thus percent yields) - synthesis reactions
 * limiting reactants (thus excess reactants)
 * 1) solution and gas stoichiometry
 * 2) practice problems in stoichiometry

Current Science Topics:

 * Waste-to-Energy plants
 * Carbon Sequestration
 * Genetically Modified foods (GMO foods)
 * light bulbs