Chemistry+II

Welcome to the Chemistry II wiki page. Eventually the following outline will contain links to pages having class notes, practice problems, useful links, etc.

Our textbook has interactive problems available online. Follow this link to the Wiley web site.

You can find past AP exam questions and answers at AP Central: Chemistry.

Unit 1: Solutions (after a review of mole conversions)
 * 1) balancing equations, salt dissociations and the [|mole ratio]
 * 2) notes on solutions
 * 3) calculating solution concentrations
 * 4) performing dilutions
 * 5) spectrophotometry and Beer's Law

Unit 2: Solution Stoichiometry
 * 1) acid-base titrations
 * 2) precipitate titrations

Unit 3: Acid-Base Chemistry
 * 1) Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis definitions of acids, bases
 * 2) identification of strong acids, bases versus weak acids, bases
 * 3) writing acid or base hydrolysis equations for:
 * monoprotic acids
 * diprotic acids
 * triprotic acids
 * amines (bases)
 * 1) identifying conjugate acids and conjugate bases
 * 2) the pH scale and the origin of 7
 * 3) calculating pH, pOH for strong acids

Unit 4: Equilibrium
 * 1) describing the equilibrium state
 * 2) writing equilibrium constant expressions for:
 * heterogeneous equilibria
 * solubility constant expression
 * weak acids
 * weak bases
 * 1) calculating equilibrium constants or species concentrations at equilibrium conditions
 * 2) manipulation of the equilibrium constant and the chemical equation
 * reversing reaction equations
 * multiplying by coefficients
 * 1) LeChatelier's Principle:
 * effects of addition or removal of reactants or products
 * effects of changes in pressure
 * effects of changes in temperature

Unit 5: The ICE equation
 * 1) when to use it - when not at equilibrium (LeChatelier's Principle in action)
 * 2) setting up an ICE (__i__nitial, __c__hange, __e__quilibrium) equation
 * 3) determining species concentrations for:
 * slightly soluble solids
 * weak acid (or base) pH
 * common ion effect
 * buffers
 * 1) determination of an acid dissociation constant via titration

Unit 6: Kinetics
 * 1) defining terms: rate constant, reaction order, rate laws
 * 2) determining reactant orders using experimental data
 * 3) order and rate constants from graphical data
 * 4) half-life
 * 5) the iodine clock reaction

Unit 7: Molecular Modeling
 * 1) Lewis diagrams
 * 2) Formal charges  and resonance
 * 3) isomerism
 * 4) VSEPR and 3D models
 * 5) Polarity and intermolecular forces - relation to physical properties

Unit 8: Solid, Liquid, and Gas Phase Chemistry
 * 1) Gaseous and Liquid phases
 * 2) Phase diagrams
 * 3) Classification of solids
 * 4) Crystal structure and lattice energy
 * 5) Cubic unit cells
 * 6) [|Minerals] - Crystal Structures
 * 7) Density calculations

Unit 9: Thermochemistry
 * 1) Calorimetry: temperature changes, phase changes, heat transfers
 * 2) Calculating energies of reaction and formation

Unit 10: Thermodynamics
 * 1) Three laws of thermodynamics
 * 2) Predicting changes in entropy
 * 3) Predicting and calculating G using dG = dH - TdS equation
 * 4) Graphical analysis of H, S, G

Unit 11: Electrochemistry
 * 1) [|Galvanic Cells]and [|simple batteries]
 * 2) Identifying the reduction and oxidation processes
 * 3) Balancing redox reaction equations
 * 4) Calculating cell potentials
 * 5) The Nernst equation